Agrometeorology in Portugal
Weather conditions for monitoring water, soil and crop development in mainland Portugal, Madeira and Açores.
Explore the sections Irrigation, soil, crops and historical evolution
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Agricultural summary
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Sampled temperatures and estimated durations. Balance: precipitation − ET0. Hours below 2 °C do not confirm frost.
Irrigation and water balance
ET0, ETc and water balance
ET0 estimada pelo método FAO-56 Penman–Monteith para dias completos. A ETc resulta de ET0 × Kc, em condições padrão. Ajuste o Kc à cultura e fase de desenvolvimento; o valor inicial 1 não é uma recomendação específica. Precipitação − ET0 é um balanço climático simplificado, não uma dose de rega.
Soil and available water
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Nas ilhas, os dados ERA5-Land têm grelha de 0,1° e a data indicada acima. O preenchimento visual fica limitado à própria ilha; áreas sem cobertura permanecem sem dados.
Drought and vegetation
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IPMA products with their own coverage, independent of the point selected in the forecast charts. Check each indicator's date.
Thermal management and phenology
Estimated accumulations over the forecast period, interpolated between model times. Air temperature at 2 m: values below 2 °C indicate cold conditions but do not confirm crop frost. Hours below 7.2 °C are not equivalent to a chilling-requirement model.
Pest thermal development monitoring
Crop protection
Historical evolution
Glossary
- ET0
- Reference evapotranspiration: atmospheric water demand for a reference vegetated surface.
- ETc
- Crop evapotranspiration under standard conditions, calculated from ET0 and the Kc coefficient.
- Kc
- Coeficiente que relaciona a evapotranspiração de uma cultura com a ET0; varia com a cultura e a fase de desenvolvimento.
- VPD
- Vapour pressure deficit: difference between saturation and actual vapour pressure, expressed in kPa.
- Water balance
- Accounting for water inputs and outputs. Precipitation minus ET0 is a simplified climatic balance.
- Field capacity
- Water retained by soil after excess water drains away.
- PEP
- Permanent wilting point: water content below which plants no longer recover normal turgor.
- Available water
- Water stored between field capacity and permanent wilting point, at the depth considered.
- Degree days
- Accumulated heat above a base temperature. The base and method must be defined for each crop or organism.
- Chill hours
- In this display, estimated time below 7.2 °C. Other chilling models use different rules.
- Heat hours
- Tempo estimado acima do limiar selecionado; não constitui, por si só, diagnóstico de dano na cultura.
- Dew point
- Temperature at which air reaches saturation without changing its water vapour content.
- Molhada foliar
- Water on leaves. A weather-based estimate does not replace sensor measurements.
- Trafegabilidade
- Soil conditions for machinery access, depending on water, texture, structure and applied load.
- PDSI
- Palmer Drought Severity Index, based on a water balance.
- SPI
- Standardised Precipitation Index, comparing accumulated rainfall with its historical distribution.
- VHI, VCI e TCI
- Vegetation health, condition and thermal condition indices.
- FAPAR
- Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation.
- AgERA5
- Agrometeorological indicators derived from ERA5 reanalysis.
- ICON e IFS
- Numerical weather prediction models from DWD and ECMWF, respectively.
- Ciclo e prazo
- The cycle identifies the forecast start. Lead time is the time elapsed since that start.